Fingerless Spatial Touch Interaction Techniques Around Wearable and Mobile Devices

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies are becoming increasingly popular, with applications in gaming, education, therapy, and workplace training. However, interactions in VR systems often rely on hand-held controllers, precise finger gestures, or full-body movements. These interaction techniques are designed for able-bodied users and typically involve actions such as reaching, grasping, or pointing, which can be challenging for individuals with physical disabilities or limited motor control. Users with conditions such as muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injuries, or limb differences may find it difficult to operate VR controllers or perform complex gestures.

Touchscreen-based devices are found everywhere, from ATMs and kiosks to wearables and phones. However, these interfaces can be difficult to operate for users with reduced mobility or limited fine motor control, as they often require a high level of dexterity and precision. Individuals with conditions such as arthritis, tremors, or limb differences may find it challenging to perform even simple interactions like swiping, tapping, or zooming.

Wristwatches are also worn by many people, and interacting with them often requires pressing small buttons and rotating the crown. These interactions are challenging for users with physical impairments or limited hand function. Thus, there is a need for alternative interaction methods that accommodate diverse physical abilities.

Exploring other forms of interaction that do not solely rely on fingers can open up possibilities for input methods that enhance accessibility and usability. We need interfaces that dynamically adapt to the diverse needs of users, rather than users needing to adjust to the inherent limitations of the interface. We need solutions that adapt to existing interfaces and also explore approaches that redefine interaction for greater inclusivity.